Skip to Main Content

APA 7th Referencing Guide

Using personal communications

  • These can include:
  • personal interviews
  • meetings
  • emails
  • letters
  • memos
  • phone conversations
  • text messages
  • confidential documents
  • content from private networks or platforms
  • personal communications are NOT included in the reference list. They are only added as an in-text citation.

Personal communication

  • Not included in the reference list 
In-text citation
Person - initial(s). last name (personal communication, Month Day, Year)
J. T. Lewis (personal communication, May 14, 2018) OR (K. Taylor, personal communication, March 17, 2019)

Referencing interviews

  • If it is a published interview, use the reference type in which you found the interview eg. online video, newspaper article
  • For an interview you conduct, use the personal communication reference type format.

Interview with participant(s), as part of your own research

  • Not included in reference list
In-text citation
  • Do not cite individually, because this could compromise confidentiality.
Quote anonymously, for example, “Participant A said”.
Subjects: Referencing
Tags: referencing
    
CRICOS Provider: 01241G TEQSA Provider Code: PRV12043 Australian University

Southern Cross University acknowledges and pays respect to the ancestors, Elders and descendants of the Lands upon which we meet and study.
We are mindful that within and without the buildings, these Lands always were and always will be Aboriginal Land.