APA 7th Referencing Guide

In-text citation:

Format

(Author last name, Year)

Example

.....finding information (Simpson, 1999) OR Simpson (1999) claimed that …

Reference list:

Format

Author(s) – last name, initial(s) ...

Example

Simpson, M. I. (1999). Find it fast: How to uncover expert information. Harper Perrenial.

In-text citation:

Format

(Author last name & Author last name, Year)

Example

(Munro & Langan, 2015) OR Munro and Langan (2015)

Reference List:

Format

Author last name, initial(s), & Author last name, initial(s) .

Example

Munro, B., & Langan, S. (1992). The new age: University libraries. Hocking.

In-text citation:

Format

(First author last name et al., Year) OR First author last name et al. (Year)

Example

(Hartnett et al., 2016) OR Hartnett et al. (2016)

Reference List:

Format

• List all author names - last name, initials.

• Use & between last two author names.

Example

Hartnett, M. H., Bellman, A. S. W., & Wells, N. L. (2009). Essential study tools. Jones and Bartlett

In-text citation:

Format

(First author last name et al., Year) OR First author last name et al. (Year)

Example

(Nath et al., 2019) OR Nath et al. (2019)

Reference List:

Format

Cite the last names & initials of the first 19 authors then follow with a comma and three spaced ellipsis points (. . .), then the last author’s name. 

Example

Nath, A. P., Ritchie, S. C., Grinberg, N. F., Tang, H. H., Huang, Q. Q., Teo, S. M., Ahola-Olli, A. V., Wurtz, P., Havulinna, A. S., Santalahti, K., Pitkanen, N., Lehtimaki, T., Kahonen, M., Lyytikainen, L. P., Raitoharju, E., Seppala, I., Sarin, A. P., Ripatti, S., Palotie, A., . . . Inouye, M. (2019). Multivariate genome-wide association analysis of a cytokine network reveals variants with widespread immune, haematological, and cardiometabolic pleiotropy. American Journal of Human Genetics, 105(6), 1076-1090. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajhg.2019.10.00

• Only ever use Anonymous when it is the listed author.
• If no author is listed, use the title. See Work with no author(s) or editor(s).

In-text citation:

Format

(Anonymous listed as author name, Year) OR Anonymous listed as author name (Year)

Example

(Anonymous, 1996) OR Anonymous (1996)

• Groups as authors include government departments, professional associations, company names, organisations
• Only the full group name (not the abbreviation) should be included in the reference list

In-text citation:

Format

First Use: 

(Group Name [abbreviation], Year) OR Group Name (abbreviation, Year)

Subsequent Uses:

(Abbreviation, Year) OR Abbreviation (Year)

Example

First use:

(Animal Welfare League [AWL], 2012) OR Animal Welfare League (AWL, 2012)

Subsequent Uses:

(AWL, 2012) OR AWL (2012)

• Include each first author’s initial(s) in all citations. Do this for the FIRST author only when there are multiple authors in a single reference. 
• Initial(s) are included even if year of publication differs.

In-text citation:

Format

(First author - first name initial. last name, Year) OR First author - first name initial. last name  (Year)

(First author - first name initial. last name & second author - last name, Year) OR First author - first name initial. last name and second author - last name (Year)

Example

(B. S. Munro, 2007) OR B. S. Munro (2007) argues that….

(T. Munro, 2007) OR T. Munro (2007) stated that...

(S. Munro & Hall, 2015) found that ..... OR S. Munro and Hall (2015) found that .....

In-text citation:

Format

(Author - full first name last name, Year) OR Author - full first name last name (Year) has argued that ....

Example

(Talli Allen, 2021) OR Talli Allen (2021) has argued that ....

(Marin Simpson, 2015) OR Marin Simpson (2015) notes that ...

• Arrange works with the same author(s) and same year alphabetically by the first significant word in the title (disregarding the words "A", "An", and "The") in the reference list. Place the letter after the year. The first reference listed uses a, the second uses b, etc.
• If "in press" is used for the year, place dash between "press" and relevant letter eg. in press-c
• Use each time the references are included. This includes for a single reference within a parentheses or multiple works in same parentheses.

Examples:

(Kent & Young, 2020a)

(Kent & Young, 2020b)

(Kent & Young, in press-c)

(Kent & Young, 2020a; Munro, 2018)

• Include first author last name and as many of the subsequent author last names to distinguish the citation. 
• For remaining authors, replace with et al.
• If only final author name different, include author name instead of et al.

In-text citation:

Format

(Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al., Year) OR Author last name, Author last name, Author last name et al. (Year)

Example

(Cleary, Brett, Bezanson, Baker et al., 2017) OR (Cleary, Brett, Bezanson, Thomas et al., 2017)

In-text citation:

Format

("First words of article, chapter title" - in title case, Year) OR "First words of article, chapter title - in title case" (Year)

(Title of book, journal - in title case, Year) OR Title of book, journal - in title case (Year)

Example

("The Coral Sea", 2013) OR "The Coral Sea" (2013)

(The Great Barrier Reef, 2017) OR The Great Barrier Reef (2017)

• Use double quotation marks "....." and title case (capitalise each word) for title of article, chapter or web page with no author.
• Italicise title of journal, book, brochure or report with no author. Use title case.
• Use title case for in-text references only. 

In-text citation:

Format

(Author last name, Year)

• Do not include "with" Author name.

Example

.....finding information (Campbell, 2005) OR Campbell (2005) claimed that …

Reference List:

Format

Author(s) – last name and initial(s). (with Author - last name and initial(s)).

Example

Campbell, P. J. (with Nevens, L. F.). (2005). Psychology. Thomson/Wadsworth

In-text citation:

Format

(Author last name, Year)

• If the surname includes a particle (for example, van, der, den, la, von etc), include the particle before the surname in the reference list and the in text citation. Follow the authors example regarding capitalisation.

Example

(van der Woodsen, 2021) OR St. John (2017)