(First author last name et al. Year) OR First author last name et al. (Year)
Example
(Jackson et al. 2018) OR Jackson et al. (2018)
Reference List
Format
List all author names.
Use and between last two author names.
Example
Jackson D, Li X and Chandran P (2018) ‘Safety and equity’, Psychological Science Australia, 2(4):223-240, doi:10.1111/j.1234.5678.3456.x.
Group authors with known abbreviation
Use shortened forms and abbreviations in in-text citations to save space.
Use the shortened form in subsequent references.
Use the same shortened form in the reference list, followed by the spelt-out version - the user can easily find the reference but can also see the organisation’s full name.
Use the shortened form for the name of the website after the title. Do this even if you have not introduced the shortened form before.
In-text citation
Format
(Group author name [abbreviation] Year)
Subsequent references
(Abbreviation Year) OR Abbreviation (Year)
Example
In text citation
(Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade [DFAT] 2021) OR Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade (DFAT 2021)
When citing sources written by authors with the same surname, include the authors’ initials in in-text citations.
Example
D Nguyen (2009) and L Nguyen (2009) both reported the same effects occurring in lakes and rivers.
Three or more authors, same first author
When referencing two or more sources published in the same year, and all these sources have the same first author and maybe even the same second, third authors, provide the names of enough authors in the in-text citation to show the difference.
Examples
(Larour, Morlighem, et al. 2012)
(Larour, Schiermeier, et al. 2012)
(Milillo, Rignot, Mouginot, Scheuchl, Li, et al. 2017)
(Milillo, Rignot, Mouginot, Scheuchl, Morlighem, et al. 2017)
Multiple works by same author(s) and same year
Works published in the same year by the same author are listed alphabetically by the title of the work and a lower-case letter (a, b, c, ...) is added immediately after the date, in both the reference list and in-text citations.
Example
She has written extensively on Australia – New Zealand relations (Dobell 2018a, 2018b).
Multiple works by same author
If you cite two or more works from the same author/s at one point in the text, arrange the sources in chronological order, starting with the earliest date.
Example
The process first identified by Watson (1960, 1966, 1968), shows..
Multiple sources cited at one point
When citing multiple works in the same in-text citation, use semicolons between citations. Place authors names in alphabetical order.
Enclose all the citations in one set of parentheses.
Example
Other researchers reported similar results (Abaza 2019; Black 2018; White and Jones 2017).
Works with no author
When the name of an author or authoring body is not shown, cite the reference by its title and the year. Use the first few words if the title is too long.
Example
This was apparently not the case before about 1995 (The entrepreneur's guide to the law 1999).
Works with no publication date
For works without a date, write n.d. (for ‘no date’) instead of the year of publication.
Example
White and Jones (n.d.) reported similar results.
Other researchers reported similar results (White and Jones n.d.).
