Library guides: Reflective Practice: Some models of reflection

Bass's Holistic Reflection Model

This Holistic Reflection Model is the one that midwifery students will be using, from 2018.

Bass, J, Fenwick, J., & Sidebotham, M. (2017). Development of a model of holistic reflection to facilitate transformative learning in student midwives. Women and Birth, 30(3), 227-235. doi:10.1016/j.wombi.2017.02.010

John's model of reflection (1994)

The following cues are offered to help practitioners to access, make sense of, and learn through experience.

Description

Write a description of the experience
What are the key issues within this description that I need to pay attention to?

Reflection

What was I trying to achieve?
Why did I act as I did?
What are the consequences of my actions?
- For the patient and family
- For myself
- For people I work with?
How did I feel about this experience when it was happening?
How did the patient feel about it?
How do I know how the patient felt about it?

Influencing factors

What internal factors influenced my decision-making and actions?
What external factors influenced my decision-making and actions?
What sources of knowledge did or should have influenced my decision making and actions?
Alternative strategies
Could I have dealt better with the situation?
What other choices did I have?
What would be the consequences of these other choices?

Learning

How can I make sense of this experience in light of past experience and future practice?
How do I NOW feel about this experience?
Have I taken effective action to support myself and others as a result of this experience?
How has this experience changed my way of knowing in practice?

Further Reading
Johns, C. (1994). Nuances of reflection. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 3, 71-75.

Model of reflection for midwifery practice

This reflective cycle is a useful tool to guide your reflection:

1. Identifying a situation in practice >>> 2. Reflecting: Focus on feelings and behaviour >>> 3. Understanding: Feelings are motivators of behaviour >>> 4. Identifying learning needs: Consider knowledge, attitude, skills >>> 5. Taking action to meet own learning needs >>> 6. Developing a plan to change action.

Wisanskoonwong, P., Fahy, K., & Hastie, C. (2011). Reflection on the practice of facilitating group based antenatal education: Should a midwife wear a uniform in the hospital setting? International Journal of Nursing Practice. 17(6), 628-635. p. 631 doi:10.1111/j.1440-172X.2011.01972.x

Atkins and Murphy's model of reflection (1994)

Atkins, S., & Murphy, K. (1994). Reflective Practice. Nursing Standard, 8(39), 49-56.

Gibbs' model of reflection (1988)

Gibbs, G. (1988). Learning by doing: A guide to teaching and learning methods. Oxford: Further Education Unit, Oxford Polytechnic.