Notes:
In the text, only provide a citation, if you quote directly from the test, or paraphase it in any way. Otherwise, if you just mention the test, ensure you capitalise the title. If the test is known by its acronym, introduce it at the first use of the test in your text, unless you are only referring to the test once in your work.
The name of a test is a proper noun, so capitalise it in the References list. Although a test may be better known by its acronym, do not include the acronym in the entry in the References list.
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year) OR (Author Surname, Year, page number)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Test Title (edition) [Measurement instrument]. Place of Publication: Publisher.
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Bishop, 2003)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Bishop, 2003, p. 20)
References:
Bishop, D. V. M. (2003). Test for Reception of Grammar (Version 2) [Measurement instrument]. London, United Kingdom: Pearson Assessment.
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Bzoch, League, & Brown, 2003)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Bzoch, League, & Brown, 2003, p. 30)
References:
Bzoch, K. R., League, R., & Brown, V. (2003). Receptive-Expressive Emergent Language Test (3rd ed.) [Measurement instrument]. Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
A published thesis is one which has been retrieved from a published thesis or dissertation database or other published source.
General Format - Published Thesis
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year) OR (Author Surname, Year, page number)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Thesis title (PhD/DBA/Masters thesis). Retrieved from Name of database. (Accession or Order No.)
Example - Published Thesis
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Baker, 2008)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Baker, 2008, p. 10)
References:
Baker, C. A. (2008). The seduction of loss (PhD thesis). Retrieved from ProQuest Dissertations and Theses database. (UMI No. 1234567)
An unpublished thesis is one which can only be retrieved from the institution's library or repository.
General Format - Unpublished Thesis
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year) OR (Author Surname, Year, page number)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Thesis title (Unpublished PhD/DBA/Masters thesis). Name of Institution, Location.
Example - Unpublished Thesis
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Baker, 2008)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Baker, 2008, p. 10)
References:
Hardcopy:
Baker, C. A. (2008). The seduction of loss (Unpublished PhD thesis). Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia.
Institutional repository:
Baker, C. A. (2008). The seduction of loss (Unpublished PhD thesis). Retrieved from http://epubs.scu.edu.au/theses
Helpful tip
Treat brochures, pamphlets, fact sheets etc. like books. In addition, include the type of publication in square brackets after the title, unless the publication type is included in the title. When the publisher is the same as the author, write 'Author' as the name of the publisher.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
Personal communications are not included in the reference list because they do not provide recoverable data. Examples include emails, personal interviews and specific information from social media sites that others are unable to access. Cite them in text only.
General Format
In-Text Citation:
(Email Sender First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
(Interviewee First Initial. Second Initial. Surname, personal communication, Month Day, Year)
References:Not included.
Example
In-Text Citation:
(L. M. Robertson, personal communication, September 28, 2008)
References:Not included.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year) OR (Author Surname, Year, page number)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year, page number)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Integrated project title (Unpublished integrated project). Name of Institution, Location.
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Steel, 2000)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Steel, 2000, p. 10)
References:
Steel, F. J. (2000). Koala populations in Lismore: Impacts and management (Unpublished integrated project). Southern Cross University, Lismore, Australia.
Mobile applications, or apps, are a type of software that runs on devices such as smartphones and tablet computers (such as iPhones, iPads, and Androids) as well as web browsers (such as Chrome, Internet Explorer, and Firefox). Note that the author may be an individual but is often a group or company, as shown below, and that the date reflects the year the version you used was released, even though previous versions may have been released in different years.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Author Surname, Year)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Author Surname, Year)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of Software or Program (Version number) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://xxxx
Example
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(WebMD Health Corporation, 2012)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(WebMD Health Corporation, 2012)
References:
WebMD Health Corporation (2012). Medscape (Version 4.0) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com
If the app is a reference work (like a dictionary, encyclopedia, or medical reference), it's also possible to cite an entry in the app, just like an entry in a print or electronic reference work.
In-Text Citation (Paraphrase):
(Rosenthal, 2012)
In-Text Citation (Quotation):
(Rosenthal, 2012)
References:
Rosenthal, L. (2012). Atrial flutter. In Medscape (Version 4.0) [Mobile application software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com
The Publication Manual (pp. 210-211) specifies that a reference is not necessary for "standard software and programming languages", such as Microsoft Word, Java, Adobe Photoshop, and SPSS. If you mention a program in your text, include its proper name and the version number, in parentheses.
Online surveys: If you mention the use of an online survey program, such as Survey Monkey or Qualtrics, just provide the URL in your text, in parentheses.
Note: You should provide reference entries for specialised software or computer programs with limited distribution.
Do not italicise the names of software, programs, or languages. If an individual has proprietary rights to the software, name him or her as the author; otherwise, treat the reference as an unauthored work. Include the version number, if any, immediately after the title in parentheses, followed by the description (i.e. Computer software) in square brackets. Provide the URL, if the software is available online.
General Format
In-Text Citation (Standard software):
(Proper Name of Software, Version number; year, if not included in Name)
In-Text Citation (Specialised software):
(Version number; Individual Author Surname, Year)
(Proper Name of Software, Version number; year)
References:
Author Surname, First Initial. Second Initial. (Year). Title of Software/Program (Version number) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://xxxx
Title of Software/Program (Version number) [Computer software]. (Year). Retrieved from http://xxxx
Example
In-Text Citation (Standard software):
(Microsoft Office Professional Plus 2010, Version 14.0.7130)
In-Text Citation (Specialised software):
(Version 4.1; Esolang, 2014)
(Customised Synergy, Version 2.0; 2014)
References (Specialised software):
Esolang, A. N. (2014). Obscure Reference Generator (Version 4.1) [Computer software]. Retrieved from http://itunes.apple.com
Customised Synergy (Version 2.0) [Computer software]. (2014). Retrieved from http://customisedsynergy.com
